The structural characteristics of aircraft parts Typical structural characteristics of the aircraft parts are thin-walled structure, complex shape, shape change angle changes, mostly double-curved shape, forming precise requirements. In order to reduce aircraft weight, increase maneuverability and increase payload and range, for light weight design, extensive use of new lightweight materials. Order to improve the part strength and reliability, mainly the overall rough conditions and the overall thin-walled structures. Now a lot of aluminum, titanium, high temperature alloys, high strength steel, composite materials. Structure of complex thin-walled parts, cellular parts not only complex shape, and holes, holes, grooves, ribs and other more process less rigid. Aircraft need to use a typical machining parts Aircraft need to use a typical machining parts, mainly the aircraft fuselage structural parts and engine two key components: 1. Airframe structural components typical parts Aircraft fuselage structural parts of the typical components are beams, bars, ribs, frames, siding, joints, slide and other parts. With flat parts, slender, mostly chamber pieces and a thin wall separated the main frame structural components. Rough as Plate , Forgings, and aluminum extrusion profiles. Material utilization rate is only 5% -10% of raw material to remove large. Currently, the domestic aircraft parts, more than 90% aluminum alloy, a small amount of stainless steel and titanium steel, and more and more pieces of the overall structure of the application of composite materials is the future direction of development. Airframe structural characteristics of typical components (1) piece of the profile size is increasing. If parts of the length of the beam has reached 13m. (2) part of the change point of view angle changes, such as thin wall. Size is only 0.76mm thinnest around, so processing poor rigidity. (3) parts of the structure more complex, with the overall structure of many parts. (4) parts of the dimensional accuracy and surface quality requirements are high, as some machining defects such as after the glitch, not allowed to manually remove. Processing components required for a typical aircraft fuselage main equipment (1) coordinate processing center, such as large gantry Vertical Machining Center ; (2) five-axis machining centers, such as large gantry vertical machining centers, should be equipped with A / B tilt angle milling head, or A / C tilt angle milling head; (3) from the development to consider the need of large two-spindle five-axis gantry machining center, table size 5m × 20m, beam parts for processing; (4) processing of aluminum parts need high-power high-speed machining center, power 40kW, spindle speed 20000r/min above, with the two coordinates of the swing angle milling head; (5) overall in aluminum alloy machining to remove large, for ease of chip removal, the best table may need to flip 90 °, Horizontal Machining Center At present, China is no such horizontal machining center; (6) aircraft fuselage structural parts varieties, shapes, and the technology poor rigidity, needed a lot of fixtures. To reduce costs, shorten production preparation period, requires a variety of flexible fixtures; (7) mainly involves skin sheet metal forming parts, profiles, pipe and other surface forming, forming precise requirements. To ensure manufacturing precision, require large size skin stretching machine; Skin Roll Forming Machine; There axis roller leveling machine, profile bending machines, tube forming machines. Aircraft parts assembly needs to automatically drill riveting equipment; (8) to reduce aircraft weight, composite materials, the application of more and more production of composite materials with a machine, and so need to shop (shop with a machine at home or blank). 2. The key components of aircraft engines and processing requirements The key pieces of aircraft engines have casing, various leaves and whole leaf disc. Receiver processing Aero engine has three, one is off the ring, one ring structure as a whole, there is one is shaped shell. Casing material is a difficult process of high-temperature high-strength titanium alloy. Casing is thin, weak rigid structure, surface complex, high precision, processing difficult. Casing is a large part, a thrust of 15,000 kg aircraft engine casing diameter 800mm. Large aircraft, a large fan casing dimensions 1823.5mmx546mm, the thinnest thickness of 3mm. Therefore, the receiver processing needs of large multi-functional, high-precision CNC machine tools . Such as CNC machining diameter 2000mm vertical lathe and precision CNC vertical lathe; table size is 2400mm × 5000mm gantry five-axis machining centers, need to have the duplex, on-line measurement and simulation, tool storage capacity of about 60 knives , CNC System Have the advanced programming features, table 3000mm × 5000mm CNC Gantry Boring Milling . Leaf processing Aircraft engine blade materials for the high temperature titanium alloy materials, needed five-axis machining center, five-axis high-speed gantry type milling and other processing blade-shaped surface. Xu Yong Ye root processing tenon Broaching Machine Feed grinder moderate strength, and hope that the creep feed grinding machine with powerful features for wheel and wheel repair wheel device, but also a line measurement, process adjustment and automatic compensation. Leaf-shaped surface with ECM can greatly improve processing efficiency, we need a six-axis CNC polishing equipment, polishing belt. Hope to have leaf-shaped surface testing equipment. Large wide-chord hollow fan blades with wide-chord, hollow, convex sets with damping structure, diameter 1600mm above, the fan blade tip speeds of up to 457m / s, choose lighter-weight titanium alloy or resin-based materials, manufacturing of these blades require five-axis milling machine blades; automatic polishing machine; combination of seal welding and diffusion bonding and superplastic forming equipment. Cooling leaves a lot of small holes, electric pulse drilling, laser drilling than good (a hardened layer of laser drilling), but now, EDM hole drilling machine is not the depth of the display, the difficulties . Hope to solve this problem, can show the depth of drilling. The resistance to 1100 ° C high temperature nickel-base single crystal turbine blades have a very good high temperature strength and overall performance, leaves many diameter 0.3 ~ 0.4mm film cooling holes, making this type of blade, need orientation / single crystal casting furnace, ceramic core baking, core machines, grinding centers, CNC creep feed grinding, and leaves holes in the electro-hydraulic system of the beam processing unit equipment and devices such as small holes. Blisk processing Blisk is the thin plate parts, the circumference of a leaf blade of the tongue and groove installation. Straight slots available broaching and grinding. Arc-shaped tongue and groove milling and forming mill increase available
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